Galapagos Species Database

The Galapagos Species Database shares the information about the species from our Natural History Collections.

Geospiza conirostris Ridgway, 1890

Pinzón Cactero de Española, Pinzón de cactus grande, Large Cactus Finch, large cactus ground Finch

Large Cactus Finch, Male, in Española, Galapagos Photo: CDF Archive.
Large Cactus Finch, Male, in Española, Galapagos Photo: CDF Archive.

Threats Appart from possible future introduction of diseases, there do not currently seem to be any serious threats, as Española and Genovesa are rat and Philornis free.

Taxonomy

Domain
Eukaryota

Kingdom
Animalia

Phylum
Chordata

Class
Aves

Order
Passeriformes

Family
Thraupidae

Genus
Geospiza

Species
conirostris

Taxon category: Accepted

Syn.: Geospiza conirostris conirostris Ridgway, 1890; Geospiza conirostris darwini Rothschild & Hartert, 1899; Geospiza conirostris propinqua Ridgway, 1894

Taxon origin: Endemic

Status

Least concern

Ecology

Habitat preferences: Prefers dry shrub and woodlands with large Opuntia populations.

Feeding type: Broader diet than the common cactus finch. Exploits all parts of Opuntia but also feeds on rather large seeds (e.g. those of the palo santo tree Bursera) and may strip the bark of dead branches of trees or tear open rotting Opuntia pads for arthropods.

Reproductive biology: Male displays in front of a dome shape nest built in an Opuntia cactus pad. Only females incubate (three to five eggs), both feed the chicks. Always builds nest between pads of Opuntia.

Distribution

Map of specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in our collections database.

Distribution: Espanola Island.

References

  • Grant, P.R. Grant, B.R. (1980) The breeding and feeding characteristics of Darwin's finches on Isla Genovesa, Galapagos. Ecological Monographs 50:381-410
  • Wiedenfeld, D.A. (2006) Aves, the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Check List 2006 2(2): 1-27.
  • Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G. Milstead, B., Márquez, C., Zabala, J., Buitrón, P., Llerena, A., et al. (2007) Galapagos vertebrates: endangered status and conservation actions. Galapagos Report 2006–2007. Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, p. 104–110.
  • Harris, M.P. (1973) The Galápagos avifauna. Condor 75(3): 265-278.
  • Swarth, H.S. (1931) The Avifauna of the Galapagos Islands. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 18: 1-299.
  • Kleindorfer, S. Dudaniec, R.Y. (2006) Increasing prevalence of avian poxvirus in Darwin’s finches and its effect on male pairing success. Journal of Avian Biology 37: 69-76.
  • Bisconti, M. Landini, W., Bianucci, G., Cantalamessa, G., Carnevale, G. Ragaini, L. & Valleri, G. (2001) Biogeographic relationships of the Galapagos terrestrial biota: parsimony analyses of endemicity based on reptiles, land birds and Scalesia land plants. J. Biogeogr. 28: 495-510.
  • Alatalo, R. V. (1982) Bird Species Distributions in the Galapagos, Ecuador, and Other Archipelagoes: Competition Or Chance?. Ecology 63 (4): 881-887
  • Stern, D. Grant, P. (1996) A phylogenetic reanalysis of allozyme variation among populations of Galápagos finches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118:119-134.
  • Petren, K. Grant, P., Grant, B. & Keller, L. (2005) Comparative landscape genetics and the adaptive radiation of Darwin’s finches: the role of peripheral isolation. Molecular Ecology 14:2943-2957.
  • Downhower, J. (1978) Observations on the nesting of the small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa and the large cactus ground finch G. conirostris on Española, Galapagos. Ibis 120:340-346.
  • Farrington, H. Lawson, L., Clark, C. & Petren, K. (2014) The evolutionary history of Darwin's finches: speciation, gene flow, and introgression in a fragmented landscape. Evolution doi 10.1111/evo.12484.
  • Grant, B.R. (1985) Selection on bill characters in a population of Darwins finches Geospiza conirostris on Isla-Genovesa Galápagos. Evolution 39:523-532.
  • Curio, E. Kramer, P. (1965) Geospiza conirostris auf Abingdon und Wenman entdeckt. Journal für Ornithologie 106:355-357.
  • Grant, P.R. (1982) Variation in the size and shape of Darwin's Finch eggs. The Auk 99:15-23.
  • Grant, P.R. (1983) Inheritance of size and shape in a population of Darwin's finches, Geospiza conirostris. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 220:219-236.
  • Grant, B.R. (1984) The significance of song variation in a population of Darwin's finches. Behaviour 89:90-116.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1989) Evolutionary dynamics of a natural population. The large cactus finch of the Galapagos. University of Chicago Press. 350 p.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1989) Natural selection in a population of Darwin's Finches. The American Naturalist 133:377-393.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1987) Mate choice in Darwin's Finches. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 32:247-270.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1983) Fission and fusion in a population of Darwin's finches: an example of the value of studying individuals in ecology. Oikos 41:530-547.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1982) Niche shifts and competition in Darwin's finches: Geospiza conirostris and congeners. Evolution 36:637-657.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1981) Exploitation of Opuntia cactus by birds on the Galápagos. Oecologia 49:179-187.
  • Grant, B.R. Grant, P.R. (1979) Darwin's finches: population variation and sympatric speciation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76:2359-2363.
  • IUCN (2015) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015-4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 November 2015.
  • Lamichhaney, S. Berglund, J., Sällman Almén, M., Maqbool, K., Grabherr, M., Martinez-Barrio, A., Promerova, M., Rubin, C.J., Wang, C., Zamani, N., Grant, B.R., Grant, P.R., Webster, M.T., Andersson, L. (2015) Evolution of Darwin’s finches and their beaks revealed by genome sequencing Nature 518: 371-386. doi:10.1038/nature14181
  • Remsen, J.V. Areta, J.I.Jr., Cadena, C.D., Claramunt, S., Jaramillo, A., Pacheco, J.F., Pérez-Emán, J., Robbins, M.B., Stiles, F.G., Stotz, D.F., Zimmer, K. J. (2016) A Classification of the Bird Species of South America. South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
  • IUCN (2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2016-3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2017.
  • Freile, J.F. Santander, T., Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G., Carrasco, L., Cisneros-Heredia, D., Guevara, E., Sánchez-Nivicela, M., Tinoco, B. (2019) Lista Roja de las aves del Ecuador Quito, Ecuador. 97 pp.
You are welcome to download and use the information found in this page, acknowledging the origin of the data.
This page should be cited as follows:
"Galapagos Species Database, Geospiza conirostris", dataZone. Charles Darwin Foundation, https://datazone.darwinfoundation.org/en/checklist/?species=5092. Accessed 18 April 2024.